本内容最初是为音频制作的. 某些元素，如音调, 声音效果, 和音乐, may not fully capture the intended experience in textual representation. Therefore, the following transcription has been modified for clarity. We recognize not everyone can access the audio podcast. 然而, 给那些有能力的人, we encourage subscribing and listening to the original content for a more engaging and immersive experience.
所有 thoughts and opinions expressed by hosts and guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views held by the institutions with which they are affiliated.
ADHD is a very common medical diagnosis in pediatrics and parents are often concerned about the medications. I hope to relieve some of those concerns on today's Scope. I'm Dr. 辛迪的假面.
Efficacy and Safety of Stimulant Medications for ADHD Treatment
Your child has been diagnosed with ADHD and now your pediatrician is talking to you about medications. Stimulant medications have repeatedly been shown to be the most effective treatment for the symptoms of ADHD. They help kids concentrate, manage their impulsive choices, and avoid risky behavior. About 80% of kids who try stimulant medications for ADHD find that they have a positive effect on symptoms. 从这个角度来看, there is no other medication for a mental health diagnosis that has such a high response rate.
ADHD药物如何起作用
It's understandable that you may have concerns about medication that affects your child's brain, 尤其是如果是长时间服药. First, it's important to understand how these medications work. These medications change the level of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a chemical that plays a critical role in attention and decision-making. Kids with ADHD don't have enough dopamine so the medicines help increase the level of dopamine in the brain.
改善迹象和潜在副作用
They only raise the level enough to help with ADHD symptoms. They should not change your child's personality if they're really cranky, 或者表现得像个僵尸, 药物的剂量可能太高了. You will notice within a few days of starting the new ADHD medicine if it's working and you should your doctor call right away if there are issues. Problem sleeping and loss of appetite, though, are two common side effects. Still, mention any concerns to your child's pediatrician.
Safety and Efficacy of ADHD Medications Over Time
We get a lot of questions about the long-term effects of using ADHD stimulant medications. In the over 50 years of using stimulant medications for ADHD and hundreds of studies, no negative effects of taking the medication over a period of years have been observed. 实际上, in 2013, a study done by the National Institute on Drug Abuse did a number of studies to better understand how ADHD and the medication used to treat it affect the brain. It showed that some children developed tolerance to the medications, 需要增加剂量, 但并不是所有的孩子都这样. Often, the dose increase happens in the first several years of being treated. 但后来, 在青少年后期, a child's body may be able to metabolize the medication more efficiently.
ADHD药物和药物滥用
A big concern about ADHD meds is the worry that kids who take them will be at higher risk for substance abuse when they're older. 几项研究表明两者之间没有关联. 事实上, recent research shows that while teens and young adults with ADHD are at a higher risk for substance abuse than other kids, treating them with stimulant medication neither increases nor reduces the risk. What this study shows is that the risk is linked to the ADHD diagnosis itself, not to the treatment. Addiction is a risk when these stimulants are abused, that is they're taken in doses or in ways other than that prescribed, 比如被压碎或被喷鼻.
So a history of substance abuse would be an important factor when considering whether a teenager is a good candidate for ADHD medication. So, 和任何药物一样, speak up at your child's appointment and if you have any concerns about the treatment being prescribed, 问. You can help your child's pediatrician choose the right medication for your child's ADHD.
更新日期：2024年5月24日
最初发布日期：2017年4月7日