Thyroid Disorders

What Are the Disorders of Your Thyroid Gland?

There are several types of thyroid disorders:

Hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid
Hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid
Thyroid nodules可能是非癌性（良性）或癌性（恶性）的生长。

What Does the Thyroid Gland Do?

甲状腺是位于颈部前部的蝴蝶状腺体. 它会产生荷尔蒙，大发娱乐调节身体的许多功能：

Metabolism
Heart rate
Muscle function and growth
Digestion
Brain function
Bone health

Symptoms of Thyroid Issues

甲状腺问题的症状取决于你的病情.

Hyperthyroid Symptoms

Racing heartbeat (palpitations)
Shaky hands
Jitteriness or difficulty sleeping
Excess sweating or feeling overheated
Light and irregular menstrual cycles in women
Unintentional weight loss
Frequent bowel movements

Hypothyroid Symptoms

Muscle cramps
Constipation
Dry skin
Fatigue
Unexplained weight gain
Feeling cold

Thyroid nodules often cause no symptoms. 当你为其他问题做影像学检查时，你的医生发现了结节的生长，你可能会被诊断为结节. In rare cases, 你可能会感觉到脖子前面甲状腺所在的地方有一个肿块，或者你可能会有吞咽困难.

When to See an Endocrinologist

如果你注意到甲状腺问题的症状，与你的初级保健大发娱乐提供者预约. 你的初级保健医生会对你进行血液检查，以找出症状的原因. They may treat you or refer you to an endocrinologist, a doctor who specializes in thyroid disorders.

Find an Endocrinology Specialist

How to Test for Thyroid Disorders

你的内分泌医生会用几种测试来诊断甲状腺疾病：

Blood tests—促甲状腺激素（TSH）测试可以检测血液中促甲状腺激素的水平. TSH is the hormone your pituitary gland produces. It tells the thyroid to make thyroid hormones. 如果你的TSH很低，这可能意味着你有一个过度活跃的甲状腺. 如果你的TSH水平很高，这可能表明你的甲状腺功能低下. 你的医生也可能会要求你做其他血液检查，以检查自身免疫性疾病的甲状腺抗体.
Neck ultrasound—这个测试使用声波来创建甲状腺的图像，寻找甲状腺结节或癌症.
Radioactive iodine uptake and scan—Radioactive iodine will be injected into your vein. Then, your thyroid gland will be scanned for overactivity. 这种扫描也会发现由于结节或甲状腺抗体引起的甲状腺过度活跃的原因.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA)—Some people may need a biopsy to test a thyroid nodule. 你的内分泌科医生会将一根比血液检查所用的针更小的针插入你的甲状腺结节，取出一小部分细胞样本. 他们通常会使用颈部超声波将针头引导到正确的位置.

What Causes Thyroid Issues?

There are several different causes of thyroid disorders.

Hyperthyroidism:
- Grave’s disease (an autoimmune condition)
- Benign thyroid nodule (toxic adenoma)
- 多结节性甲状腺肿（甲状腺肿大伴多发结节）
- Thyroiditis (thyroid inflammation)
- Certain medications
Hypothyroidism:
- Hashimoto’s disease (an autoimmune condition)
- Surgical removal of your thyroid gland
- Certain medications
Thyroid nodules: 结节可能是遗传性的，也可能是不明原因的.

Are Thyroid Disorders Hereditary?

导致甲状腺问题的自身免疫性疾病可能会在家族中遗传. Some nodules or cancers can also run in families.

Thyroid Treatment

甲状腺疾病的治疗取决于你的病情. Our endocrinologists put together comprehensive, 个性化的治疗计划可以大发娱乐你控制甲状腺症状.

Thyroid Medication

你的内分泌医生可能会开一些药物或甲状腺激素替代品来治疗甲状腺过度活跃或不活跃. 他们会定期检查你的甲状腺激素水平，监测你的病情.

Radioactive Iodine Scan and Therapy

大发娱乐可以使用放射性碘扫描来治疗甲状腺功能亢进和监测 thyroid cancer recurrence. Here's what you can expect during the scan:

You will visit the hospital's radiology department for an X-ray in the morning.
你需要口服一小片含有少量放射性碘的药片来诊断.
您将在4小时后和24小时后进行两次后续x光检查.

这一系列步骤大发娱乐大发娱乐计划用高剂量的放射性碘丸治疗你. After you receive treatment, 你需要把自己和其他人隔离一段时间，以避免让他们接触到辐射. 您的护理团队将在治疗后指示您进行隔离.

Thyroid Cancer Surveillance

If you have thyroid cancer, 你的护理团队可能会通过定期的血液检查来监测你的甲状腺结节, neck ultrasounds, and fine needle aspiration biopsies. 这些检查检查结节是否生长或扩散到肺 lymph nodes in your neck.

Ethanol Ablation

乙醇（酒精）消融术可治疗甲状腺结节或囊肿. 你的内分泌科医生将使用超声引导将酒精直接注射到结节或囊肿中. 这种酒精注射可以减小肿瘤的大小并减轻由它引起的症状.

Radiofrequency Ablation

射频消融是一种缩小甲状腺结节的治疗方法. 你的内分泌科医生会用超声波引导把一根小针插入生长的地方. 针头利用热量有策略且安全地破坏（消融）组织.

Thyroid Surgery

You may need surgery to remove all or part of your thyroid gland in some cases. 甲状腺癌是甲状腺切除最常见的原因, 但甲状腺手术也可能被推荐用于某些甲状腺功能亢进的病例.

Refer a Patient to the Thyroid & Parathyroid Clinic

您将需要一个大发娱乐提供者推荐安排预约在 Thyroid & Parathyroid Clinic. Referring providers may call 801-581-7761.

Hear From Our Specialists

Rethinking Thyroid Cancer Treatment

最近的进展确实改善了甲状腺癌的预后, but are all treatments and surgeries essential? Jason Hunt, MD, 亨茨曼癌症研究所和犹他健康大学的颈部和咽喉外科肿瘤学临床主任, breaks down the risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Listen (6 min.)

甲状腺癌的手术治疗：手术前、手术中和手术后的预期

如果你被诊断患有甲状腺癌，手术是一种标准而有效的治疗方法. 肿瘤学家杰森·亨特，医学博士，FACS，大发娱乐提供了对手术过程和之后的见解. 主题包括手术当天的经验，程序细节，恢复时间表等.

Listen (9 min.)

All About Your Thyroid

甲状腺将甲状腺激素直接分泌到血液中, distributing them to various tissues.

Learn More About Your Thyroid

Should I Worry About Thyroid Nodules?

你刚被初级保健医生告知你有甲状腺结节. Nearly one-half of the U.S. population has them and most of the time they are benign. We asked endocrinologist Dr. Dev Abraham at the University of Utah Health Thyroid & Parathyroid Clinic to tell us more about thyroid nodules.

Listen (5 min.)