事件记录
面试官: 在推特上追踪健康，下一期《大发娱乐提供》将带来.
播音员: Examining the latest research and telling you about the latest breakthroughs. 《大发娱乐》在范围频道播出.
面试官: 我正在和医生谈话. Quynh Nguyen, Assistant Professor of Health Promotion and Education at the University of Utah.
Dr. 阮，大发娱乐每天都会做出影响健康的选择. You know, we decide whether we're going to eat that donut or smoke that cigarette. But I think you would argue there's forces beyond our own decisions that influence our health.
Dr. 阮: 是的, 作为一名流行病学家, a lot of what I see in the research is focused on individualized risk factors, 比如他们自己的健康行为, 人们决定做什么或不做什么. 锻炼，吃甜甜圈，汉堡或炸薯条. 但是大发娱乐的行为是在一个设定中，在一个环境中. 这还没有得到足够的关注.
面试官: So what are the things that drive certain behaviors that impact our health?
Dr. 阮: 这个领域肯定有一些热门话题. We're interested in the term "food desert" so that's one particularly growing field. Food deserts are places where there is a lack of healthy foods. There you would find small convenience stores rather than supermarkets, 或者快餐连锁店，而不是更多的当地餐馆. 也许这影响了你的行为. Maybe it's easier to grab that burger instead of making a chicken meal.
面试官: 那么你怎么去测量呢?
Dr. 阮: 大发娱乐正在研究推文，尤其是推特数据. 人们说他们在吃什么，发什么推特. We can also use particularly like people mention fast food chains. We're also keeping track of whether they're mentioning McDonald's or KFC. 也, social media data can be used because people check into places, so you can use their check in indicators as how they're utilizing the neighborhood resources.
Then we kind of look at that as an alternative to what has been conventionally done, and hopefully using social media data is going to be cheaper, 更高效的, and can be updated more easily than other types of neighborhood data.
面试官: 你怎么去衡量呢? 到目前为止，问题是什么?
Dr. 阮: Well I think that the idea for this dataset called "Hashtag Health" came about during my post-doc years when I was preparing data for five urban cities, 波士顿, 芝加哥, 纽约, 巴尔的摩, 和洛杉矶. The face value of it, you think, "That's not going to be a problem at all. 这些城市都很有名." But it was very hard to get consistent data across geographies. The only consistent data we had were [inaudible 00:02:46] data, 暴力犯罪率, 其他的都不一样. So if you're a neighborhood researcher, you find it very hard to study beyond a city.
I wanted to overcome the data problem by using a relatively vague and cheap, 希望一旦大发娱乐建立了这个算法, 一种经济高效的社区分类方法, and also to categorize it in a different way than has been before. Because a lot of it has been focused on the fiscal resources of a neighborhood, 过境, like is there a bus or train that runs through the neighborhood, 或者那里有杂货店.
但是住在那里的人呢, 它们是如何相互作用的, 他们在说什么？? So we want to capture more of the cultural and social processes. 所以它既是大发娱乐正在使用的未开发资源，也是, we're capturing a different side of neighborhoods that hasn't been captured.
面试官: 我的意思是, 旧的做事方式, you have to commission someone to look at one very specific thing, but you're just taking advantage of something that people are doing anyway.
Dr. 阮: 我认为Twitter的数据，就像你说的，非常好. 首先，它是连续的. 总是有一个连续的流. 有人在大半夜发推特. 而不是让参与者参加30分钟, you're going to get a continuous stream and you can update your data very easily. Also, it can allow for more massive studies for the project I'm working on. It's first going to try to capture neighborhood data for the entire state of Utah. 每条人口普查径, 大发娱乐会有食物指标, 锻炼, 以幸福为出发点. 然后大发娱乐将从犹他州发展到美国.S., so it's kind of imagining a bigger type of neighborhood study, 比传统的数据更有可能.
面试官: 大发娱乐之前讲过食物的例子, 快餐的例子, where you can look for words like McDonald's What about happiness? 你如何衡量幸福? 你在找什么?
Dr. 阮: 是的. 这是一个非常好的问题. Happiness has actually been the hardest out of the three indicators we proposed to grade for Utah, because we're using a machine learning algorithm to do that, 所以你在想象, "How can a computer program predict the sentiment of a tweet?“这将是相当困难的.
大发娱乐从一到九的连续音阶开始, 大发娱乐使用的数据集大约有10个,000个单词都是用来表示幸福的. 每个单词都有一个幸福值, and then each tweet we summarize the happiness values for that tweet. So we compared it with human ratings, so that's the gold standard. 如果是人类在阅读，他们看到了什么? 这条推文是中性的、消极的还是积极的? 这一比例约为73%.
面试官: 我猜你是在为年轻人做选择. 可能是二三十岁的人在发推特.
Dr. 阮: 使用Twitter的人越来越年轻. So we're going to pilot our social media database looking at young adult outcomes, that was intentional because we recognize social media users tend to be younger.
面试官: 你怎么知道他们不高兴的是什么?
Dr. 阮: 对大发娱乐来说, we think that happiness is important because happiness might be related to an array of different things. Our first [pilots] will look at whether these indicators are going to predict young adult obesity, 但后来我发现它也预示着自杀, 或者社区中的抑郁症.
As health professionals, we know that health is not just the absence of disease. 有点多. 我认为最终的目标是幸福. When you're around happy people, maybe that also breeds happiness. 这可能是一种传染效应，反之亦然. If you're in a sad community, maybe that's also detrimental to your own mental health.
播音员: 有趣的. 信息丰富的. 而这一切都是为了更好的健康. 大发娱乐是Scope健康科学广播.